NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Geography

Chapter Wise brief Introduction on NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science-Geography

 

Chapter 1: Environment

Introduction:
This chapter introduces the concept of the environment, its components, and the relationship between human beings and nature. It helps students understand the interdependence of natural, human-made, and human environments.
Subtopics Covered:

• Components of environment (natural, human, human-made)

• Ecosystem and its balance

• Interdependence in the environment

• Importance of sustainable use of resources

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Chapter 2: Inside Our Earth

Introduction:
This chapter explains the interior structure of the Earth and the materials it is made of. Students learn about rocks, minerals, and their significance.
Subtopics Covered:

• Structure of the Earth (crust, mantle, core)

• Types of rocks (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic)

• Rock cycle

• Minerals and their importance

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Chapter 3: Our Changing Earth

Introduction:
This chapter deals with the dynamic nature of Earth, highlighting the processes that shape its surface like earthquakes, volcanoes, and erosion.
Subtopics Covered:

• Lithospheric movements (endogenic forces)

• Earthquakes and volcanoes

• Exogenic forces (weathering and erosion)

• Landforms created by rivers, winds, glaciers, and sea waves

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Chapter 4: Air

Introduction:
This chapter explains the composition, structure, and importance of the atmosphere. It also discusses how weather and climate are influenced by air.
Subtopics Covered:

• Composition of the atmosphere

• Layers of the atmosphere

• Weather and climate

• Air pressure and winds

• Importance of atmosphere in sustaining life

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Chapter 5: Water

Introduction:
The chapter explores the importance of water as a vital resource, covering oceans, seas, and movements of ocean water.
Subtopics Covered:

• Distribution of water on Earth

• Water cycle

• Ocean movements (waves, tides, currents)

• Importance of water for life

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Chapter 6: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

Introduction:
This chapter highlights different types of natural vegetation and wildlife found in various climatic regions of the world.
Subtopics Covered:

• Factors affecting vegetation and wildlife

• Types of vegetation: forests, grasslands, shrubs

• Distribution of vegetation in the world

• Importance of wildlife and need for conservation

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Chapter 7: Human-Environment – Settlement, Transport and Communication

Introduction:
This chapter focuses on how humans interact with their environment through settlements, means of transport, and communication systems.
Subtopics Covered:

• Types of human settlements (rural and urban)

• Transport: land, water, air

• Development of communication methods

• Role of technology in connecting people

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Chapter 8: Human-Environment Interactions in the Tropical and the Subtropical Region

Introduction:
This chapter explains life in the tropical and subtropical regions, with a focus on the Amazon Basin and Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin.
Subtopics Covered:

• Climate, flora, and fauna of tropical regions

• Life in the Amazon Basin

• Life in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin

• Human adaptations in these regions

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Chapter 9: Life in the Deserts

Introduction:
The chapter explores life in desert regions, highlighting both hot deserts (Sahara) and cold deserts (Ladakh).
Subtopics Covered:

• Features of deserts

• Life in the Sahara Desert (climate, people, economy)

• Life in Ladakh (climate, lifestyle, culture)

• Human adjustments in extreme conditions

What are multi-purpose river projects explained in Class 7 Geography?

Archaeological and historical records show that from ancient times we have been constructing sophisticated hydraulic structures (Sringaverapur near Allahabad, dams, lakes, and irrigation systems during the time of Chandragupta Maurya, Bhopal Lake, and the tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi) like dams built of stone rubble, reservoirs or lakes, embankments, and canals for irrigation. A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs, or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake, or impoundment. "Dam" refers to the reservoir rather than the structure. Dams are classified according to structure, intended purpose, or height. Based on the structure and the materials used, dams are classified as timber dams, embankment dams, or masonry dams, with several subtypes. According to height, dams can be categorized as large dams and major densely as low dams, medium height dams, and high dams. A dam or a series of dams is built on a river and its tributaries to serve various purposes. Purposes solved through a Multi-Purpose River Project are:

1. Control flood and drought.
2. Checks soil erosion.
3. Provides water for irrigation, drinking, and industrial purposes.
4. Generates Electricity.
5. Provides inland navigation.
6. Provides facilities for recreation.
7. Preservation of wildlife, forests, and the development of fisheries.

Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dams as the `temples of modern India'; the reason being that it would integrate the development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialization and growth of the urban economy.