The full form of GMO is Genetically Modified organisms. GMO refers to organisms whose genetic identity is altered and redefined using genetic engineering techniques. This method is used in agriculture, animal breeding, etc.; these animals or organisms do not occur naturally through the natural mating process. Genes are transferred within species from microorganisms, plants, and animals, creating transgenic organisms. Either new genes are introduced, an existing gene is changed, or the gene itself is eliminated for developing new organisms or species. Genetic engineering includes various techniques, from artificial insemination, cloning, in vitro fertilization, or gene manipulation.
History
Humans have introduced various methods for breeding from a very early era, be it sheep, cattle, farming, or other animals, to get maximum benefit and achieve better productivity. During this time, however, science developed so much that biotechnology allowed scientists to directly modify the genes (DNA) of plants, microorganisms, and the animals. The first genetic remodeling took place in the year 1972 when Paul Berg created recombinant DNA by combining DNA derived from a simian virus and combining it with the Lambda virus.
In 1973, Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen jointly created the first genetically modified organism. Rudolf Jaenisch created a transgenic mouse in 1974, introduced foreign DNA into the mouse embryo, and thus introduced the world's first transgenic organism. Genetically modified organisms are used for research purposes. In contrast, genetically modified plants have become more of a food supply in today's world to meet the demands of people around the world. Genetic engineering has helped scientists select DNA and modify it so that it can improve the quality of genetic of any organism and get rid of undesirable traits.
Purpose of Genetically Modified Organism
The purpose of a genetically modified organism is to have a specific gene or set of genes altered in a specific way. This can also be done for a variety of reasons, such as making the organism resistant to a specific herbicide or producing a specific protein.
Controversy
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism that has been created by applying genetic engineering techniques. These techniques involve deliberately changing an organism's genetic makeup by adding genes from another organism.
The use of GMOs has been a controversial topic since their inception. Many people believe that the use of GMOs is unsafe and that it can have negative consequences for both human health and the environment. There are also those who argue that GMOs offer a number of benefits, including increased crop yields and resistance to pests and diseases.
The GMO debate is simply to continue for some time. However, it is clear that the use of GMOs is here to stay and that they will also continue to play an essential role in agriculture and food production.