NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination
The NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 21, Neural Control and Coordination, focus on the structure and function of the human nervous system. This chapter explains how the brain, spinal cord, and nerves work together to regulate body activities and maintain coordination. It also covers the structure of neurons, conduction of nerve impulses, and the functioning of sense organs. The NCERT Exemplar questions are designed to enhance conceptual clarity, analytical skills, and exam readiness for both board and competitive exams like NEET.
The chapter begins with the structure and function of neurons, which are the structural and functional units of the nervous system. A neuron consists of the cell body, dendrites, and axon. Exemplar questions often test understanding of nerve cell structure, synapse types, and the role of neurotransmitters.
The process of nerve impulse transmission is explained using resting potential, action potential, and synaptic transmission. The role of ions such as sodium and potassium in generating action potentials is highlighted. Exemplar questions usually involve application-based reasoning, such as predicting changes in impulse transmission when ion concentration is altered or explaining the significance of myelin sheath in faster conduction.
The human nervous system is described in detail, divided into the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), and autonomic nervous system (ANS). The CNS, consisting of the brain and spinal cord, is the control center of the body. The PNS connects the CNS to various body parts, while the ANS regulates involuntary functions. Exemplar questions often include diagram labeling, structural differences, and functions of different divisions. The brain is a key focus area, with its major parts—the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The forebrain controls sensory processing and voluntary actions, the midbrain regulates reflexes, and the hindbrain maintains balance and coordination. Exemplar questions frequently test knowledge of brain regions and their roles in different activities.
The chapter also explains the reflex action and reflex arc, which allow the body to respond quickly to stimuli without involving the brain. Exemplar questions may ask students to trace the reflex arc pathway or differentiate between voluntary and involuntary actions. Another important aspect is the sense organs, particularly the eye and ear. The structure and function of the human eye in vision and the ear in hearing and balance are covered in detail. Exemplar problems often involve diagram-based questions and reasoning on how sensory receptors detect and transmit information. The chapter concludes with discussions on neural disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, and Parkinson’s disease. Exemplar questions here connect biological concepts to real-life health issues, improving application skills. To prepare effectively, students should revise labeled diagrams of the neuron, brain, eye, and ear from the NCERT textbook. Solving NCERT Exemplar questions helps strengthen conceptual foundations, ensuring accuracy in board exams and competitive tests. In conclusion, NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination provide a comprehensive understanding of how the nervous system functions to regulate body processes. Practicing Exemplar problems helps students sharpen their reasoning skills, master key concepts, and gain confidence for academic success.