About NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 7: Evolution
The NCERT exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 7 Evolution offer students a detailed understanding of the origin and diversification of life. This chapter is crucial for grasping the principles of natural selection, speciation, and the evolutionary history of organisms. The exemplar questions help develop analytical skills and prepare students for board and competitive exams. The chapter begins with the evidence of evolution, including fossil records, comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular Biology. The solutions explain homologous and analogous structures, vestigial organs, and the significance of DNA and protein comparisons in tracing evolutionary relationships. Read the NCERT textbook and solve questions with the help of NCERT solutions for class 12 Biology.
Next, the chapter discusses Lamarckism and Darwinism, contrasting the ideas of acquired traits with natural selection. The solutions emphasize Darwin’s observations, concepts of variation, struggle for existence, survival of the fittest, and adaptive radiation. Students are guided to understand how natural selection drives evolution in populations. The chapter also covers speciation and isolation mechanisms, explaining how reproductive barriers lead to the formation of new species. Examples of allopatric and sympatric speciation are provided to strengthen conceptual clarity. Evolutionary processes, including mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, and recombination, are explained in the exemplar solutions. These processes help students connect variation at the molecular level to changes in population dynamics over time. The chapter concludes with human evolution, highlighting fossil evidence, major stages of hominid evolution, and adaptive traits in humans. The exemplar questions encourage students to interpret evolutionary trees and connect evolutionary biology with ecology and genetics. By practicing these solutions, students can understand evolution not as a static process but as a continuous change shaped by environmental pressures, genetic variations, and natural selection. The chapter provides a foundation for understanding biodiversity, conservation, and molecular biology in subsequent chapters.