Chapter 2: Federalism – Class 10 Civics Notes
Class 10 Federalism is a fundamental concept in Class 10 Civics that defines how power is divided between the national and state governments. It is one of the key principles of the Indian Constitution that ensures cooperation and coordination between different levels of governance. In a federal system, power is not concentrated in a single authority. Instead, it is shared among central, state, and local levels to ensure effective administration. Countries like the United States, India, and Canada follow federal systems, whereas the UK and France have unitary systems.
The Indian federal structure is unique because it combines features of both federal and unitary systems. The Constitution of India provides a three-tier system – the Union Government, State Governments, and Local Self-Governments (Panchayati Raj). Each level has its own powers, responsibilities, and resources.
The Seventh Schedule of the Constitution divides powers into three lists – the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. This division ensures that each level can make laws in its respective areas. The Supreme Court acts as the guardian of the Constitution to settle disputes between different levels of government. Federalism in India also promotes unity in diversity. States have the right to preserve their culture, language, and traditions. The creation of linguistic states and the strengthening of local governments through the 73rd and 74th Amendments have deepened democracy in India. Effective federalism allows better decision-making, public participation, and accountability. It ensures that governance reaches every corner of the country through decentralization.