English Questions With Detail Explanation

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English Questions With Detail Explanation Set-1

Directions: (Q.No. 1 ? 5) : Sentences are given with blanks to be .filled in with an appropriate word(s). Four alternatives are suggested for each question. Choose the correct alternative out of the four and indicate it by blackening the appropriate oval in the Answer Sheet.

1. Through personal motivations man has become sociable but in . . . . . he continues to be solitary which has been the cause of the birth of ideas of religion and ethics; these were created to . . . . . our selfish interests.

(a) Nature, Reiterate

(b) Instinct, Reinforce

(d) Composure, Supplement

Answer:

(b)

Man has become sociable but continues to be solitary or a recluse. This is implied in an inherent manner. Since man is essentially proving to be a recluse and this the cause of the second sentence, selfish interest must be “reinforced” in the process. Correct option is .

2. The robbers eventually . . . . . in breaking into the house.

(a) succeeded

(b) decided

(d) trained

Answer:

(a)

The robbers eventually succeeded in breaking into the house.

3. To formulate any satisfactory modern . . . . . of human relationships it will be essential to recognize the necessary limitations of men's power over the non-human environment, and the . . . . . limitations of their power over each other

(a) Concept, obvious

(b) Ethic, desirable

(d) Theory, accidental

Answer:

(a)

Consider the last blank first. Only options A and C can be possible for the last blank. Axiom is a statement considered to be true which is further used to generate an abstract idea. Hence it cannot be the answer. Usage of imperative in option E is wrong. Hence answer is option.

4. I usually perform . . . . . when nobody is watching me.

(a) alone

(b) good

(d) hard

Answer:

(c)

Better is the correct word, so option (c) is the correct option.

5. What is important to the historian of the world is not the petty wars between Greek cities, or the sordid squabbles for party . . . . . but the memories retained by mankind when the brief episode was ended--like the . . . . . of a brilliant sunrise in the Alps, while the mountaineer struggles through an arduous day of wind and snow

(a) Dominance, Scenery.

(b) Ascendancy, Recollection

(d) Servitude, Reminiscence

Answer:

(b)

The writer is comparing the historians’ area of focus to the area of focus of viewer witness a sunrise in the alps. The viewer tends to see the brilliance of the sunrise and not the struggling mountaineer who climbed to take the picture. Hence the author wishes to say that the focus remains on the culmination of several effort and machinations. So (b), (c) and (d) can be the answers. The first blank is appropriately filled by (b).

1-5. Grammar – Fill in the blanks – Medium

Directions (Q.No. 6 ? 10) : A sentence a part of the sentence is bold and underlined. Below are given alternatives to the underlined part at (a), (b), (c) which may improve the sentence. Choose the correct alternative. In case no improvement is needed, your answer is (d). Mark your answer in the Answer Sheet.

6. After having asked a silly question, the lecturer embarrassed Mary by pointing to the answer written on the board

(a) the lecturer embarrassed Mary by pointing to the answer

(b) the lecturer pointed to the answer, embarrassing Mary since the answer was

(d) No improvement

Answer:

(c)

The original sentence contains a misplaced modifier. As written, the sentence suggests that the lecturer asked a silly question. This doesn't make very much sense, in light of the rest of this sentence which suggests that Mary is the one who was embarrassed. Since the phrase is modifying (describing) Mary, the sentence needs to be rewritten so that the modifier can be as close as possible to the thing that it is modifying. Choice (c) achieves this, making it clear that Mary asked a silly question. Choice (a)contains a misplaced modifier, as described above. Choice (b) does not correct the original mistake- it still makes it seem as though the lecturer is the person who asked the silly question.

7. I hated that my best friend was more smarter.

(a) I hated that my best friend was more smarter

(b) My best friend was smarter

(d) No Improvement

Answer:

(c)

The original sentence is redundant. Smarter is a comparative adjective, so the comparison between the two friends should be clear from the use of the comparative form of the adjective. The use of the word "more,"another comparative adjective, is redundant. Choice C corrects this error, making the sentence clear and concise. Choice (a), as stated above, contains a redundancy error. Choice (b) changes the meaning of the sentence by leaving out the fact that the speaker does not like her friends greater intelligence.

8. The reason for my lateness is because bike would not start.

(a) The reason for my lateness is because

(b) I am late and the reason is because

(d) No Improvement

Answer:

8. The original sentence is redundant. "The reason is"and "because"convey the same meaning, so it is not necessary to use both words to introduce the same reason. Choice (c) corrects this error, and conveys the meaning in a simple and straightforward way. Choice (a), as noted above, is redundant. Choice (b) does not remove the redundancy, it just moves the words of the sentence around.

9. My history class was reading a biography of the life of Hitler, so my teacher decided we should visit the museum.

(a) My history class was reading a biography about Hitler

(b) Because my history class was reading a biography of the life of Hitler

(d) No Improvement

Answer:

(a)

The original sentence is wordier than necessary. By definition, a biography is "about the life of"the subject. Therefore, it is wordy and repetitive to say "a biography about the life of..." Choice (a) fixes this, by removing the unnecessary words and making the sentence more concise while still preserving the meaning. Choice (b) creates a transition error. The original sentence already has the transition "so"which suggests cause/effect, therefore it is repetitive to add another transition (because) that serves the same purpose. Choice (b) also does not correct the original error. Choice (c) makes the same error as choice (b), adding another transition that shows cause and effect (since).

10. I was not allowed to leave the dinner table until I had completely finished dinner.

(a) until I had finished my dinner

(b) until my dinner was completely finished

(d) No improvement

Answer:

(a)

The sentence contains a redundancy. Finished, by definition, means complete. Therefore, saying "completely finished"is repetitive. Choice (a) is the only answer choice that eliminates that redundancy. Choice (b) does not correct the original error, it just changes the subject from "I" to "my dinner". Choice (c) does not correct the original error, it just changes the transition from a time constraint (until) to a simple constraint (unless).

7?10. Grammar ? Sentence Improvement ? Difficult

Direction (11-20): Read the following passage carefully and answer the question given below.

Passage ? 01

Read not the contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weight and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books may also be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. And therefore if a man write little, he had need have a good memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if the read little, he had need have much conning to seem to know that he doth not.

Histories make men wise, poets witty, the mathematics subtile, natural philosophy deep, moral grave, logic and rhetoric able to contend. (From of Studies - Francis Bacon)

11. What should be the real object of reading?

(a) To distil the contents

(b) To understand author’s views and their application in day-to-day life

(d) Not t contradict and confute

Answer:

(c)

To weigh and consider (see end of the first sentence)

12. What can be done with regard to the ‘meaner’ sort of books ?

(a) To be read but not to contradict and conute

(b) To be read only in parts

(d) To be read, but not curiously

Answer:

(c)

Read by deputy and extracts made of them by others (as is given in the third sentence)

13. If a man reads very little, what must he pretend?

(a) He must pretend to have a good memory

(b) He must pretend to know a lot

(d) He must pretend to be wise and witty

Answer:

(b)

Pretend to know a lot (can be inferred from the fifth sentence)

14. What does the art of writing do to man’s character?

(a) It makes him a full man

(b) It makes him a ready man

(d) It make his a good author

Answer:

(c)

Makes his an exact man (as given at the end of the fourth sentence of the passage)

15. How should you read those books that are to be ‘read wholly’?

(a) By making extracts from them

(b) They should be chewed and digested

(d) They should be read with diligence and attention

Answer:

(d)

With diligence and attention (as given in the end of the second sentence)

11?15. Reading Comprehension ? Medium

Passage ? 02

In its most authoritative judicial formulation, the right to information is derived from Article 19 of the Indian Constitution, which safeguards a number of democratic entitlements, including free speech and expression, and the right to practice any profession or carry out any trade. The right to information is no part of the constitutional scheme, but India's Supreme Court has, perhaps beginning with the case of Bennett Coleman and Co versus the Union of India in 1973, read it as an integral element of the purpose of Article 19. As the majority opinion then put it, 'freedom of speech and expression includes within its compass the right of all citizens to read and be informed'. The 1981 judgment in Manubhai D.

Shah versus Life Insurance Corporation reaffirmed the point: ‘The basic purpose of freedom of speech and expression is that all members should be able to form their beliefs and communicate them freely to others. In sum, the fundamental principle involved here is the people's right to know.’

Many of the judicial formulations on the right to information have emanated from litigation concerning the media. But the scope of the right goes far beyond mere concern for the integrity of the media. In its practical dimension, especially in the construction placed upon it by the campaign that has grown around the issue, the right to information has been interpreted as the essential foundation of all other fundamental rights. Far from being a privilege to be arithmetically added on to a host of others, the right to information is the means through which the citizen and the wider community can make fundamental rights a reality, rather than a distant assurance that the empowered institutions of governance have little interest or ability in making a part of every citizen's life.

16. With reference to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

(a) Article 19 of the Indian Constitution spells out the right to information.

(b) The right to information is derived from- Article 19 of the Indian Constitution.

(d) The right to information is a privilege enunciated by the Indian Constitution.

Answer:

(b)

Option (b) follows from the first line of the passage. Option (a) is negated since the passage says that the right to information is no part of the constitutional scheme. The other options are not relevant.

17. Consider the following statements with reference to the passage:

1. India's Supreme Court emphasized the significance of Article 19 in the case of Bennett Coleman and Co. versus the Union of India in 1973.

2. The right to information is not directly spelled out in the Indian Constitution.

3. The right to information centers on safeguarding the rights of media.

4. The right to information is believed to be central to the objective of Article 19.

Which of the above statements are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 both

(b) 2 and 4 both

(d) All of the above

Answer:

(b)

Statement 1 is not correct because, as per the passage, the Supreme Court of India spelt out the importance of the right to information in the case of Bennett Coleman and Co versus the Union of India in 1973. It cannot be inferred from the passage that the Supreme Court emphasized the importance of Article 19 in this case. Statement 2 is correct because it is clearly stated in the passage that the right to information is not a part of the constitutional scheme. Statement 3 is not supported by the passage - the passage states "Many of the judicial formulations on the right to information have emanated from litigation concerning the media. But the scope of the right goes far beyond mere concern for the integrity of the media". Statement 4 follows from the passage. Hence, option (b) is correct.

18. What is the main idea of the passage?

(a) The interpretation of the right to information in the context of the Indian Constitution and judiciary.

(b) The role of media in the judicial construct of the right to information.

Answer:

(a)

Option (a) is correct because throughout the passage, the author talks about the right to information in the context of the Indian Constitution and judiciary. Option (b) is incorrect because the passage only makes a passing mention about the media in terms of the judicial construct of the right to information. Option (c) Is also negated because the passage does not at all talk about the recognition of the right to information by the Indian legislature. Option (d) is also incorrect since the passage does not mention the right to information act at all.

19. Which of the following statements about the right to information is correct according to the passage?

1. It is stipulated by Article 19 of the Indian Constitution.

2. %e media has played a significant role in its formulation.

3. It is one of the fundamental rights granted to Indian citizens by the constitution.

4. India's Supreme Court has enshrined it in the Indian Constitution.

(a) Only 1

(b) Both 1 and 2

(d) None of the above

Answer:

(d)

Statements 1, 3 and 4 are incorrect because it is mentioned in the passage that the right to information is not a part of the constitutional scheme. Statement 2 cannot be concluded from the passage. The fact that many judicial formulations on the right to information are based on litigations concerning media does not necessarily imply that media has played a significant role in its formulation. Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.

20. Consider the following statements:

1. The right to information has given more freedom to the media.

2. Citizens can secure their fundamental rights through the right to information.

Which of the above statements can be inferred from the passage?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer:

(b)

Statement 1 is incorrect as it is not mentioned anywhere in the passage that the right to Information has given more freedom to the media. Statement 2 is correct as it is mentioned in the second paragraph of the passage that people can make fundamental rights a reality through the right to information. Hence, option (b) is correct.

16?20. Reading Comprehension ? Difficult

Directions (21-23): For each question, select the word, which has a meaning most nearly opposite to that of the given word.

21. HAUTEUR

(a) health

(b) modesty

(d) pride

Answer:

(b)

The answer is option (b) “modesty”. The given word is ‘hauteur’ which means arrogance or haughtiness in bearing or attitude. Option (a) health, option (c) essence, which means the essential element and option (d) pride, which means haughty, is similar to the above given word. On the other hand option (b) modesty, which means simplicity, is the most opposite in meaning to the above given word and is therefore the answer.

22. NEBULOUS

(a) obsolete

(b) regular

(d) pretentious

Answer:

(c)

The answer is option (c) “concrete”. The given word is ‘nebulous’ which means unclear, hazy or indefinite. Option (a) obsolete means no longer in use. Option (d) pretentious, means claiming an unjustified position and option (b) regular means customary, usual or normal. Whereas option (c) concrete means to be based on facts, not on ideas or guesses. Therefore we can see that this is clearly the opposite of the word nebulous and is therefore the answer.

23. CONGENIAL

(a) acquired

(b) solemn

(d) hot

Answer:

(c)

The answer is option (c) unpleasant. The given word is ‘congenial’ which means pleasant or agreeable. Option (a) acquired, means gain or obtain, option (b) solemn means serious and option (d) hot, none mean the opposite as the above given word, whereas option (c) unpleasant, which means not pleasant is most opposite in meaning to the given word, hence the answer.

21-23. Word Usage ? Antonyms – Medium

Directions (24-26): For each question, select the word which is closest in meaning to the given word.

24. EMACIATED

(a) starving

(b) completed

(d) accumulated

Answer:

(a)

The answer is option (a) “ starving”. The given word is ‘emaciated’, which means thin and weak, usually because of illness or lack of food, Option (b) completed means finished, option (c) extinct means not living any longer and option (d) accumulated means to gather or pileup. Therefore we can see that none of the above are the same in meaning to the above given word, whereas option (a) starving which means to die or suffer from extreme lack of food is closest in meaning to the above given word and is therefore the answer.

25. GLOWER

(a) brighten

(b) fascinate

(d) reduce

Answer:

(c)

The answer is option (c) “scowl” The given word is ‘glower’ which means to look or stare angrily. Option (a) brighten, option (b) fascinate which means to hold interest or attraction of, adoption (d) reduce which means to lessen, are not similar in meaning to the above given word. On the other hand option (c) scowl means to look at something or someone is an angry or annoyed way. This is closest in meaning to the above given word and is therefore the answer.

26. DIAPHANOUS

(a) noisy

(b) silent

(d) expansive

Answer:

(c)

The answer is option (c) “transparent”. The given word is ‘diaphanous’ which means delicate or transparent or translucent. Option (a) noisy, means making a lot of sound. Option (b) silent, means minus sound, option (d) expansive means capable of expanding or comprehensive. Therefore we can see that none of the above are similar to the given word whereas option (c) transparent which means capable of transmitting light, therefore we can see that this option is closest in meaning to the given word and is therefore the answer.

24-26. Word Usage ? Synonyms – Medium

Directions (27-29) : Two sentences below are joined in three different ways. The beginnings of each composite sentence are given. Choose the ones that are syntactically, idiomatically and semantically correct.

27. The thief had been in prison before. He received severe sentences

I. The thief had been in prison before and had received …….

II. The thief had received severe sentences when he was ……

III. The thief was in prison before he had received …..

(a) I only

(b) II only

(d) II & III

Answer:

(c)

The answer option is (c) II & I are correct grammatically. In statement III the syntax is not correct.

28. The Russians set fire to Moscow. The French were forced to quit is

I. The French were forced to quit Moscow because ….

II. The French were forced to quit Moscow while the Russians set ….

III. The Russians having set fire to Moscow, the French were forced ….

(a) I only

(b) III only

(d) II & III

Answer:

(c)

The answer option is (c) I & III, as both statements are grammatically correct. Statement (II) is not correct as ‘while’ implies a meaning that is different from that of the other two statements.

29. He admitted his error. He expressed his regret.

I. He regretted admitting….

II. He admitted his error and …..

III. He admittedly regretted his ….

(a) III only

(b) II only

(d) II & III

Answer:

(b)

The answer option is (b) II only, answer (II) is grammatically correct and also conveys the proper meaning. Sentences (I) and (II) convey meanings that are different from that of the given sentences.

27-29. Reading Comprehension ? Sentence joining – Difficult

Directions(30-33): Each question has a phrase or statement followed by four choices, Select the word which is closest in meaning to the given phrase or statement.

30. accidental solving of a crime

(a) investigation

(b) detection

(d) serendipity

Answer:

(d)

The answer is option (d) serendipity. The given phrase is “accidental solving of a crime Option (a) investigation means the solving of a crime, option (b) detection means to discover or find out and option (c) sixth sense means intuition or inner perception, therefore we can see that none of the words means eh same as the above given phrase. Whereas option (d) serendipity, which means making fortunate discoveries by accident is closest in meaning to the above given phrase and is therefore the answer.

31. A commonplace and unoriginal statement

(a) witticism

(b) preamble

(d) platitude

Answer:

(d)

The answer is option (d) platitude. The given phrase is “a common place and unoriginal statement”. Option (a) witticism, means one noted for skilled humour, option (b) preamble means an introduction to a formal document and option (c) prevarication means to evade from the truth, therefore none of the words means the same as the above given phrase. Whereas option (d) platitude means unoriginal remark or statement and is similar in meaning to the above given phrase and is therefore the answer.

32. mutual loyalty among group members

(a) etiquette

(b) homogeneity

(d) rendezvous

Answer:

(c)

The answer is option (c) spirit de corps. The given phrase is “mutual loyalty among group member” Option (a) etiquette, means manners or societal norms, option (b) homogeneity, means like in nature and option (d) rendezvous, means a secret meeting, therefore none of the words means the same as the above given phrase. Whereas option (c) spirit de corps, means enthusiasm and a spirit of devotion among members of a group and is similar in meaning to the above given phrase and is therefore the answer.

33. poetry that is silly

(a) observe

(b) doggerel

(d) limerick

Answer:

(d)

The answer is option (d) limerick. The given phrase is “poetry that is silly” Option (a) observe, option (b) doggerel, means a verse of loose trivial nature and option (c) dirge means a funeral hymn or lament, therefore we can see that none of the above is similar in meaning to the above given phrase. Whereas option (d) limerick, which means a light, nonsensical or humorous verses the closest in meaning to the above given phrase and is therefore the answer.

30-33. Word Usage ? One Word Substitutes – Difficult

Directions (Q. Nos. 34-35) In the following questions, four alternatives are given for the idioms/phrases. Choose the one which best express the meaning of the given idioms/phrases.

34. To face the music

(a) to prepare to give a music performance

(b) to suffer evil consequences

(d) to change the things

Answer:

(b)

The meaning of "face the music" is (idiom) to accept the unpleasant results of one’s actions.

The phrase ‘face the music’ has an agreeable imagery. We feel that we can picture who was facing what and what music was playing at the time. Regrettably, the documentary records don't point to any clear source for the phrase and we are, as so often, at the mercy of plausible speculation.

Ex. After drinking alcohol all night, the next morning I had to face the music. I had a bad hangover.

35. To flog a dead horse

(a) to revive interest in a subject which is out of date

(b) to beat a horse that is dead

(d) to try to take work from a weak horse

Answer:

(a)

If someone is trying to convince people to do or feel something without any hope of succeeding, they're flogging a dead horse. This is used when someone is trying to raise interest in an issue that no-one supports anymore; beating a dead horse will not make it do any more work.

34?35. Word Usage ? Idiom and Phrases ? Easy

Direction (Q.No. 36?37) : In each question give some word or sentences. Which have been printed in bold and underline, one or more than one is incorrect in the context of the sentence or word. This incorrect words mark your answer in the answer sheet.

36. (1) I ordered him to keep quite

(2) When none of the advocates

(3) superstitions endow the moon with a beauty and

(4) obligatory than such private virtues as friendship

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 4 only

(d) 3 and 4 only

Answer:

(c)

Option (1) correct word or spelling is quiet and option (4) correct spelling is obligation.

37. (1) Inflamable

(2) Tution

(3) Depresion

(4) Gentalman

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Answer:

(d)

All are incorrect word, correct word is given below:

(1) Inflammable

(2) Tuition

(3) Depression

(4) Gentleman

36?37. Word Usage ? Spelling Errors ? Medium

Direction (38-44) : Read the passage below and fill in the blanks with the best alternatives.

During the (38) the rise of the discount store was discussed. It was thought of to be a concept partly based on the realization that good (39) service can be secured for most (40) and for most markets. There may be an exception in the case of TV sets, it was (41), since it was common to find great (42) as to the quality of service and delay in meeting calls. The subsequent (43) raised questions as to the (44).

38.

(a) acrimony

(b) meeting

(d) assembly

Answer:

(b)

Option (b) is the correct answer. It refers to a conference. Option (a) is ruled out because it means harshness in disposition which is out of the given context. Option (c) is also ruled out because it means meddling with others/ affairs. Option (d) are ruled out as these potions do not fit correctly when read in the context of the given sentence.

39.

(a) after-sales

(b) standby

(d) independent

Answer:

(a)

Option (a) is the correct answer because it is the most appropriate word. The other options are ruled out because of their irrelevance in the given context.

40.

(a) appliances

(b) exigencies

(d) contraption

Answer:

(a)

Option (a) is the correct answer. Option (b) is ruled out because exigencies refer to urgent requirements. Option (c) is used for something attractive. So, it is ruled out. Options (d) are ruled out because singular forms of the words are given which do not go will with the word ‘most’

41.

(a) absolved

(b) condemned

(d) recognized

Answer:

(d)

Option (d) is the answer. ‘Absolved’ means to release. So, option (a) is ruled out. ‘Condemn’ means to disapprove something. Option (b) is, therefore, incorrect. Option (c) are also irrelevant in the given context.

42.

(a) biliousness

(b) rebellion

(d) resentment

Answer:

(d)

Option

(d) is the answer. ‘Resentment’ means indignation which fits aptly in the sentence. Option (a) is ruled out because it means peevish disposition which does not fit in the given context. Option (b) refers to revolt. Option (c) means accuracy.

43.

(a) talk

(b) dissembling

(d) argument

Answer:

(d)

Option (d) argument is the correct answer. Option (a) do not fit correctly in the given context. Option (b) is ruled out because it means to conceal one’s true motives. Option (c) is also not relevant in the given context.

44.

(a) wording

(b) efficiency

(d) pertinence

Answer:

(d)

38-44. Paragraph Completion – Easy

Directions: In questions 45 to 50, some of the sentences have errors and some have none. Find out which part of

(a) or

(b) or

(d).

45. When the dentist 'came in

(a) / my tooth was stopped aching

(b) / out of fear that I might lose my tooth.

(d)

Answer:

(b)

Replace 'was' by ’had'.

46. The question whether

(a) green revolution and the consequent

(b) use of high-yielding crops are

(d) debated all over the world.

Answer:

(b)

Agreement of the verb with the subject, because of the use of consequent, we are not talking about both crops and green revolution but only crops hence “are” should be replaced by “is”

47. On hearing the news

(a) / he went directly

(b) / to the Manager's room.

(d)

Answer:

(b)

Replace `directly’ by ‘direct

48. When I got

(a) /home I was

(b) / too exhausted.

(d).

Answer:

(c)

Replace too' by `very’.

49. I meet him often

(a) / Near

(b) / the Town Hall.

(d).

Answer:

(a)

Replace `meet him often’ by ‘often meet him'.

50. The chief idea of very common type of traveller

(a) / is to see as many object of interest

(b) / as he possibly could.

(d).

Answer:

(c)

Replace 'could' by 'can.

45-50. English Usage Errors – Spotting Errors – Medium

English Questions With Detail Explanation Set-2

Directions (Q. Nos. 1-8) Select the best option from the four alternatives given below and shade the appropriate answer in the space provided for it in the OMR answer sheet.

1. It is desirable to take . . . . . in any business if you want to make a profit.

(a) advice

(b) risk

(d) recourse

Answer:

(b)

It is desirable to take risk in any business if you want to make profit. So, option (b) is the correct answer.

2. The frequent errors are a result of the student’s . . . . .

(a) talent

(b) smartness

(d) perception

Answer:

(c)

The frequent errors are a result of the student’s carelessness. Option (c) is correct answer.

3. The moment of illumination creates a belief in the possibility of learning through insights or revelations as opposed to senses or reason or logic which like guides, blind, direct us to the _______ of delusion.

(a) Certainty, labyrinth

(b) An acceptance, confusion

(d) Belief, morass

Answer:

(d)

The statement argues that after the moment of illumination, revelation also becomes a way of knowledge. Sense is a way of knowledge and considered in a negative light. The second blank is best filled by the word “morass”. Hence (d) is the correct option.

4. One requires great . . . . . to teach and handle little children who are restless.

(a) patience

(b) attitude

(d) knowledge

Answer:

(a)

One requires great patience to teach and handle little children who are restless. So, option (a) is the correct answer.

5. The officers are . . . . . to regular transfers.

(a) free

(b) open

(d) available

Answer:

(c)

Subject is the suitable word, so option (c) is the correct answer.

6. What I do wish to maintain and it is here that the scientific attitude becomes ________ is that insight, untested and unsupported, is an insufficient guarantee of truth, in spite of the fact that much of the most important truth is first ______ by its means.

(a) Critical, proclaimed

(b) Indispensable, proposed

(d) Imperative, suggested

Answer:

(d)

First blank does not suggest a unique answer so we move on to the second blank, which should grammatically correct and be in tandem with the context of the statement as well. The statement argues that insight is not a guarantee of truth despite the fact that it accrues from the truth itself as a suggestion. Hence option (d) is correct.

7. Your present statement does not . . . . . what you said last week.

(a) accord to

(b) accord in

(d) accord for

Answer:

(c)

Your present statement does not accord with what you said last week. So, option (c) is the correct option.

8. Singular beliefs are held _____ with such resilience and commitment that no amount of _______ with another belief can cause their abandonment and this is where reason and belief enter into a conflict with each other.

(a) Inherently, discrepancy

(b) Intuitively, contrariety

(d) Instinctively, inconsistency

Answer:

(d)

The statement is about the conflict between instinct and reason. Single beliefs are not abandoned despite what? The first blank should be instinctively because that is the main topic of discussion – instinct. Hence correct answer is (d).

Directions (9-18) : Analyze the following passage and provide an appropriate answer for the questions that follow.

To teach is to create a space in which obedience to truth is practised. Space may sound a vague, poetic metaphor until we realise that it describes experiences of everyday life. We know what it means to be in a green and open field; we know what it means to be on a crowded rush hour bus. Their experiences of physical space have parallels in our relations with others. In our jobs we know what is to be pressed and crowded, our working space diminished by the urgency of deadline and competitiveness of colleagues. But then there are times when deadlines disappear and colleagues co-operate, when everyone has a space to move, invent and produce, with energy and enthusiasm. With family and friends, we know how it feels to have unreasonable demands placed upon us, to be boxed in by the expectations of those nearest to us. But then there are times when we feel accepted for who we are (or forgiven for who we are not), times when a spouse or a child or a friend gives us the space both to be and to become.

Similar experiences of crowding and space are found in education. To sit in a class where the teacher stuffs our minds with information, organises it with finality, insists on having the answers while being utterly uninterested in our views, and focus us into a grim competition for grades – to sin in such a class is to experience a lack of space for learning. But to study with a teacher who not only speaks but also listens, who not only answers but asks questions and welcomes our insights, who provides information and theories that do not close doors but open new ones, who encourages students to help each other learn – to study with such a teacher is to know the power of a learning space.

A learning space has three essential dimensions: openness, boundaries and an air of hospitality. To create open learning space is to remove the impediments to learning that we find around and within us; we often them ourselves to evade the challenge of truth and transformation. One source of such impediments is our fear of appearing ignorant to others or to ourselves. The openness of a space is created by the firmness of its boundaries. A learning space cannot extend indefinitely, if it did, it would not be a structure for learning but an invitation for confusion and chaos. When space boundaries are violated, the quality of space suffers. The teacher who wants to create an open learning space must define and defend its boundaries with care. Because the pursuit of truth can be painful and discomforting, the learning space must be hospitable. Hospitable means receiving each other, our struggles, our new-born ideas with openness and care. It means creating an ethos in which the community of truth can form and the pain of its transformation be borne. A learning space needs to be hospitable not to make learning painless, but to make painful things possible, things without which no learning can occur – things like exposing ignorance, testing tentative hypotheses, challenging false or partial information, and mutual criticism of thought.

The task of creating learning space with qualities of openness, boundaries and hospitality can be approached at several levels. The most basic level is the physical arrangement of the classroom. Consider the traditional classroom setting with row upon row of chairs facing the lecture where learning space is confined to the narrow alley of attention between student and teacher. In this space, there is no community of truth, hospitality or room for students to relate to the thoughts of each other. Contrast it with the chairs placed in a circular arrangement creating an open space within which learners can interconnect. At another level, the teacher can create conceptual space – space with words in two ways. One is through Assigned reading, not in the form of speed reading several hundred pages but contemplative reading, which opens, not fills our learning space. A teacher can also create a learning space by means of lectures. By providing critical information and a framework of interpretation, a lecturer can lay down boundaries within which learning occurs.

We also create learning space through the kind of speech we utter and the silence from which true speech emanates. Speech is a precious gift and a vital tool, but too often our speaking is an evasion of truth, a way of buttressing our self-serving reconstructions of reality. Silence must, therefore, be an integral part of learning space. In silence, more than in arguments, our mind-made world falls away and we are open to the truth that seeks us. Words often divide us, but silence can unite. Finally teachers must also create emotional space in the classroom, space that allows feelings to arise and be dealt with because submerged feelings can undermine learning. In an emotionally honest learning space, one created by a teacher who does not fear dealing with feelings, the community of truth can flourish between us and we can flourish in it.

9. Conceptual space with words can be created by

(a) assigned reading and lecturing

(b) speed reading and written comprehension

(d) creative extrapolation and illustrations

Answer:

(d)

10. An emotionally honest learning space can only be created by

(a) a teacher committed to join the community of truth,

(b) a teacher who is not afraid of confronting feelings.

(d) a teacher who worships critical silence

Answer:

(b)

11. Which of the following statements best describes the author’s conception of learning space?

(a) Where the teacher is friendly.

(b) Where there is no grim competition for grades.

(d) Where the teacher provides information and theories which open new doors and encourages students to help each other learn.

Answer:

(d)

12. The statement “the openness of a space is created by the firmness of its boundaries”, appears contradictory. Which of the following statements provides the best justification for the proposition?

(a) We cannot have a space without boundaries.

(b) Bounded space is highly structured.

(d) A teacher can effectively defend a learning space without boundaries.

Answer:

(a)

13. According to the author, learning is a painful process because

(a) it exposes our ignorance.

(b) our views and hypotheses are challenged.

(d) All of the above reasons

Answer:

(d)

14. The task of creating learning space with qualities of openness, boundaries and hospitality is multidimensional. It involves operating at

(a) psychological and conceptual levels

(b) physical, perceptual and behavioural levels

(d) conceptual, verbal and sensitive levels

Answer:

(c)

15. According to the author, silence must be an integral part of learning space because

(a) silence helps to unite us with others to treat a community of truth.

(b) silent contemplation prepares us to construct our mind-made world.

(d) speaking is too often a way of buttressing our self-serving reconstruction of reality.

Answer:

(a)

16. According to the author, an effective teacher does not allow

(a) feeling to arise within the learning space.

(b) silence to become an integral part of the learning space.

(d) violation of learning space boundaries.

Answer:

(d)

17. Understanding the notion of space in our relations with others is

(a) to acknowledge the beauty of a poetic metaphor.

(b) exclusively rooted in our experiences of physical space.

(d) to extend the parallel of physical space to our experiences in daily life.

Answer:

(d)

18. Another way of describing the author’s notion of leaning space can be summarised in the following manner:

(a) it is vital that learning be accompanied by unlearning.

(b) learning encompasses such elements as courage, dignity and endeavour.

(d) encourage good learners, discourage indifferent ones.

Answer:

(a)

Directions (19-23): In each question below, a sentence is given with a part of it printed in bold type. That part may contain a grammatical error. Each sentence is followed by phrases (1), (2) and (3). Find out which phrase should replace the phrase given in bold to correct the error, if there is any, and to make the sentence meaningful and correct. If the sentence is correct as it is and ‘No correction is required’ mark (4) as your answer.

19. A nation that had been once tried to kill him was the first to embrace him.

(a) had once been trying to

(b) has once tried to

(d) No correction required

Answer:

(b)

20. Had he known more about the policies of the company he might not have accepted the offer.

(a) he had known more

(b) did he know more

(d) No correction required

Answer:

(d)

21. His life is an example of how the human will can flourish even in harsh conditions.

(a) what the human will can

(b) how the human can and will

(d) No correction required

Answer:

(d)

22. The social worker passionately stroked the annoyed passenger in order to be pacified.

(a) to pacify him

(b) that to pacify

(d) No correction required

Answer:

(a)

23. They were no longer able to provide the help their children need.

(a) helped their children need

(b) help their children needed

(d) No correction required

Answer:

(b)

Direction (Q.No. 24 – 30) : In the following questions, four alternatives are given four the idioms / phrases. Choose the one which best express the meaning of the given idioms / phrases.

24. To read between the lines

(a) to suspect

(b) to read carefully

(d) to do useless things

Answer:

(c)

25. To bait the hook to suit the fish

(a) to prepare a box to pack the fish

(b) to do things to please others

(d) to catch fish by providing suitable food

Answer:

(b)

26. A hard nut to crack

(a) difficult things require extra effort

(b) a difficult problem to solve

(d) costly things need careful handling

Answer:

(b)

27. To hold

(a) show unwillingness

(b) keep at a distance

(d) endure hardship or danger

Answer:

(d)

28. To meet one's Waterloo

(a) to meet a strong adversary

(b) to die fighting

(d) to die an ignoble death

Answer:

(c)

29. Sitting on the fence

(a) unbalanced

(b) uncomfortable

(d) between two opinions

Answer:

(d)

30. To run riot

(a) befool other

(b) be violent in action

(d) behave in an undisciplined way

Answer:

(d)

Directions (Q. Nos. 31-35). The sentences given in each question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences from among the given choices to construct a coherent paragraph. Shade the appropriate answer in the space provided for It In the OMR sheet.

31. A: People who start up their own business typically come from two extreme backgrounds: One is the business family background and the other is a steady professional family background.

B: Typically, people from different backgrounds face different kinds of basic problems.

C: The people from both the backgrounds find it very difficult to establish and manage an enterprise.

D: Starting up and managing a small business is no joke.

(a) DBCA

(b) BACD

(d) CDAB

Answer:

(a)

32. A: We have taken baby steps towards risk based solvency.

B: The exposure draft will have some measures and if we move along that route, we can correspondingly have a look at solvency margins.

C: The new norms will have provisions such as swaps and hedges.

D: Conceivably, it will come down

(a) ABCD

(b) CADB

(d) CABD

Answer:

(d)

The ‘it’ of D refers to ‘the exposure draft’ of B. Thus, BD is a mandatory pair. This eliminates option (a) and (b). A and C are connected in terms of idea represented. Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.

33. A: A 2010 study found that the ground forces applied when the subjects were hopping at top speed was 30 per cent more than top-speed running, giving hope for improvement.

B: It is a fact that the foot-ground contact time is less than one-tenth of one second in the case of top-rated sprinters.

C: It is not clear if the force with which the limb strikes the ground during the fleeting moment of contact has already peaked.

D: Beyond a 7 metres per second speed, sprinters “shift” from increasing the stride length to increasing the frequency of strides.

(a) BDCA

(b) ABDC

(d) BADC

Answer:

(a)

The phrase ‘giving hope for improvement’ of A when put in context to the ‘is not clear’ of C helps us understand that A should be concluding statement. This is because B, C and D represent the same theme. Thus, option (a) becomes the correct answer.

34. A: Venture capital is recommended as the ideal source of financing for a successful small business.

B: Several companies including start ups have been funded by dedicated venture funds during this decade.

C: Despite this, an average Indian entrepreneur understands and appreciation of venture capital concept has been woefully inadequate.

D: In the Indian context, though venture capital has been a relatively late entrant, it has already made a reasonable impact

(a) ABCD

(b) ADBC

(d) ADCB

Answer:

(a)

35. A: The real tragedy of Zimbabwe is that the pain has continued after independence, and that its first and only leader has been overseeing the destruction not only of what he inherited at independence, but also of what he built.

B: The flag is a reminder that the nation was born of pain.

C: At the centre of Zimbabwe's flag are two bands of red running parallel to a band of black.

D: Children are taught that the black represents the black majority, the red the bloodshed during the independence struggle.

(a) ABCD

(b) BCDA

(d) DBCA

Answer:

(c)

C will precede B because the flag referred in B is the Zimbabwe’s flag mentioned in C. Moreover, ‘the black’ takes it reference from ‘a band of black’ in C. Thus, C will have to be placed before both B and D. This condition is fulfilled only by option (c) which is the correct answer.

Directions (Q. Nos. 36 to 38) In the following questions, out of the four alternatives, choose the one which Best Expresses the meaning of the given bold word in CAPITAL LETTERS and indicate your correct alternative.

36. INUNDATION

(a) Drought

(b) Imposition

(d) Snowfall

Answer:

(c)

37. PRISTINE

(a) Novel

(b) Strange

(d) Original

Answer:

(d)

38. EFFIGY

(a) Proxy

(b) Duplicate

(d) Replica

Answer:

(c)

CBSE Class 11 English Academic Resources 2023-24

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