NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics

Download Chapter-wise Free PDF of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics – Units Overview

Unit	Key Subtopics Covered	Types of Questions in NCERT Solutions
1. Electrostatics	Electric charges & fields, Coulomb’s law, Gauss’s law, electric potential, capacitors, energy stored in capacitors	Derivations (electric field, potential), numerical problems on capacitors & potential, proof-based questions
2. Current Electricity	Electric current, Ohm’s law, resistivity & conductivity, combination of resistors, Kirchhoff’s rules, Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge	Numerical problems on circuits, derivations of resistance formulas, and application-based questions
3. Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism	Biot–Savart law, Ampere’s law, motion of charged particles in magnetic fields, magnetic dipole, Earth’s magnetism, galvanometer	Derivations (field due to current), numerical problems on force & torque, diagram-based questions
4. Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Current	Faraday’s laws, Lenz’s law, self & mutual induction, AC circuit (LC, LCR), resonance, transformers	Numericals on induced emf & AC circuits, derivations of resonance condition, application problems
5. Electromagnetic Waves	Displacement current, Maxwell’s equations (qualitative), characteristics of EM waves, spectrum	Conceptual & theoretical questions, spectrum-based questions
6. Optics	Reflection, refraction, lens & mirror formula, total internal reflection, wave optics (interference, diffraction, polarization)	Ray diagrams, derivations (lens/mirror formula), numericals on optical instruments, wave theory proofs
7. Dual Nature of Radiation & Matter	Photoelectric effect, Einstein’s photoelectric equation, de Broglie hypothesis, electron emission	Numericals on photoelectric effect, conceptual questions on de Broglie wavelength
8. Atoms	Rutherford’s experiment, Bohr’s model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum, spectral series	Derivations of energy levels, numerical problems on frequency/wavelength, and theory questions
9. Nuclei	Properties of the nucleus, radioactivity, nuclear decay, half-life, nuclear reactions, and binding energy	Numericals on decay constant, half-life, binding energy, and conceptual application questions
10. Semiconductor Electronics	Intrinsic & extrinsic semiconductors, p-n junction diode, Zener diode, transistor, logic gates, digital electronics	Circuit-based questions, truth tables, characteristics of devices, application-based numericals

Features of Home Tuition for NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics

Home tuition for NCERT Class 12 Physics offers personalized learning and an in-depth understanding of complex concepts. Here are the key benefits:

1. One-on-One Personalized Learning – Get individual attention and customized study plans.
2. Concept Clarity & Strong Fundamentals – Master tough topics like Electromagnetism, Optics, and Modern Physics with ease.
3. NCERT-Based Detailed Explanations – Step-by-step solutions aligned with the latest CBSE syllabus.
4. Flexible Scheduling – Learn conveniently with convenient time slots.
5. Doubt-Clearing Sessions – Get instant help on difficult problems and numerical questions.
6. Board & Competitive Exam Preparation – Strengthen your JEE, NEET, and Board exam readiness.
7. Regular Practice & Assessments – Improve problem-solving skills with mock tests and assignments.
8. Free Study Material & Notes – Access high-quality NCERT solutions for quick revision.

Enroll in Home Tuition for NCERT Class 12 Physics Today & Excel in Your Exams!

How to Use NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Effectively to Score Good Marks

Scoring well in Class 12 Physics requires a deep understanding of concepts, problem-solving skills, and regular practice. Follow these steps to use NCERT Solutions effectively for better results:

1. Understand Concepts Before Solving Questions

• Read the NCERT textbook thoroughly to grasp theoretical concepts.

• Focus on key topics like Electrostatics, Magnetism, Optics, and Modern Physics.

2. Follow Step-by-Step Solutions

• Refer to NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics to understand the correct approach to solving numerical problems.

• Break down complex problems into smaller steps for better clarity.

3. Practice Regularly

• Solve end-of-chapter exercises without referring to solutions initially.

• Compare your answers with NCERT solutions to identify mistakes.

4. Make Notes & Highlight Important Points

• Create short notes on formulas, derivations, and key concepts.

• Highlight important steps in numerical problems for quick revision.

5. Solve Previous Year Papers & Sample Papers

• Practice CBSE previous year question papers to understand the exam pattern.

• Attempt sample papers to improve speed and accuracy.

6. Focus on Diagrams & Derivations

• Draw neat and labeled diagrams in topics like Ray Optics and Magnetism.

• Memorize important derivations step by step.

7. Revise Regularly & Clear Doubts

• Revise concepts frequently using the NCERT Solutions and notes.

• Take help from teachers or home tuition to clear doubts in tough topics.

8. Use NCERT Solutions for Competitive Exams

• NCERT Physics forms the base for JEE, NEET, and other entrance exams.

• Practice additional numerical questions beyond the NCERT for better problem-solving skills.

Final Tip: Stay consistent, practice daily, and use NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics strategically to excel in your CBSE Board exams & competitive tests! 

An Overview of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics

Physics opens many new horizons for those who wish to understand the realms of motion, architecture, internal mechanisms of machines, engineering, etc. You will find in-depth solutions in these Class 12 Physics NCERT solutions:

• Electrostatic energy and numerical on computing house electricity bill in the chapter on Current Electricity.
• Magnetism and its properties like Electromagnetic Induction. The working of transformers is also explained.
• All aspects of alternating current and interconversion to direct current are elucidated. Herein, the numerical revolves around charges.
• The Electromagnetic spectrum deals with the optical world, and the related optical instruments like a telescope, etc., are also dealt with in detail.
• There is a clear distinction between the wave nature and particle nature of light in the Dual Nature chapter.
• The unit on radioactivity emphasizes the ill effects and benefits of nuclear energy. Our experts have included all the necessary reactions related to this chapter.
• The closing chapters focus on semiconductors and communication systems (with illustrative diagrams). Their uses are also explained comprehensively.

Chapter-Wise NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Physics

Chapter 1: Electrostatics

Electrostatics forms the foundation of the electricity section in Class 12 Physics. This chapter covers electric charges, Coulomb’s law, electric field and electric lines of force, Gauss’s law, electric potential, potential difference, and capacitors. Students also learn about energy stored in capacitors, parallel plate capacitors, and a combination of capacitors in series and parallel. The NCERT Solutions explain the derivation of the electric field due to a point charge, a line of charge, and a spherical shell, as well as the potential at a point due to point charges. Questions in this chapter typically include numerical problems on electric field and potential, proving properties using Gauss’s law, and application-based examples like charge distribution and potential energy calculations. Word problems often connect electrostatics to real-life scenarios such as capacitors in circuits. Conceptual questions test understanding of field lines, potential, and properties of conductors and insulators. The NCERT Solutions guide students step by step, ensuring a clear understanding of the vector concepts involved in electric field calculations. Mastery of this chapter is crucial as it forms the basis for current electricity, magnetism, and electrostatic applications in modern technology. Regular practice improves problem-solving skills, derivation accuracy, and conceptual clarity, making it easier to handle both board exam and competitive exam questions.

Chapter 2: Current Electricity

Current Electricity focuses on the flow of electric charges through conductors. Subtopics include electric current, Ohm’s law, resistivity and conductivity, combination of resistors, and temperature dependence of resistance. Students also study Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge, and potentiometer, which are widely used in experiments and practical applications. NCERT Solutions cover derivations of resistance formulas, calculation of equivalent resistance in series and parallel combinations, and numerical problems on circuits. Questions are often framed around solving complex networks using Kirchhoff’s laws, finding currents, voltages, and verifying bridge balance. Conceptual questions include explaining current flow, potential drop across resistors, and the working principle of a potentiometer. Higher-order problems combine circuit analysis with practical applications, such as determining energy consumption and internal resistance of a cell. The NCERT Solutions provide stepwise approaches, diagrams, and tips to solve problems efficiently. This chapter lays the foundation for magnetism, electromagnetic induction, and AC circuits, making it a critical part of Class 12 Physics preparation. Practicing these solutions ensures students gain accuracy, speed, and confidence in solving numerical problems.

Chapter 3: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

This chapter introduces the magnetic field and its interaction with electric currents. Subtopics include Biot–Savart law, Ampere’s circuital law, magnetic field due to current-carrying conductors, force on a moving charge, torque on a current loop, and Earth’s magnetism. Students also study magnetic dipole, solenoid, and galvanometer. NCERT Solutions explain derivations such as the magnetic field on the axis of a circular coil, torque on a rectangular current loop, and magnetic moment. Questions include numerical problems on force, torque, and field calculations, proving vector properties, and conceptual questions on the direction of the magnetic field using the right-hand rule. Word problems often link magnetic effects to real-life applications, such as measuring current in a galvanometer or understanding electromagnetic devices. This chapter builds a bridge between current electricity and electromagnetic induction, preparing students for advanced topics in AC circuits and electronics. Regular practice of NCERT Solutions helps students master vector calculations, diagrams, and derivations, which are heavily tested in board and competitive exams.

Chapter 4: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Electromagnetic induction explains the production of induced emf and current in a circuit due to changing magnetic flux. Subtopics include Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, self and mutual induction, eddy currents, and AC circuits, including LC, LCR circuits, resonance, and transformers. NCERT Solutions provide stepwise derivations for induced emf, reactance calculations, and resonance conditions. Questions range from numerical problems on AC, voltage, impedance, and phase relationships, to conceptual questions on Lenz’s law and energy considerations in transformers. Application-based problems link electromagnetic induction to electric generators, induction coils, and power distribution systems. Students are also guided on solving complex AC circuits using phasor diagrams. Practicing these solutions ensures clarity in derivation methods, formula application, and logical reasoning, which is crucial for both board exams and competitive exams like JEE, where AC circuits and resonance problems are common.

Chapter 5: Electromagnetic Waves

This chapter introduces Maxwell’s equations (qualitative) and displacement current, describing how changing electric and magnetic fields propagate as electromagnetic waves. Subtopics include characteristics of EM waves, the spectrum of EM waves, and their applications in communication. NCERT Solutions focus on conceptual clarity, explaining wave propagation, transverse nature, and speed of EM waves. Questions are mostly theoretical, testing understanding of wave properties, energy transport, and applications. Students also solve numerical problems on frequency and wavelength in various media. This chapter provides the foundation for modern technologies like radio, radar, and mobile communication, and links to optics and wave theory.

Chapter 6: Optics

Optics in Class 12 Physics focuses on the behavior of light and its interaction with matter. This chapter is divided into ray optics and wave optics. Ray optics covers reflection and refraction of light, lens and mirror formulas, total internal reflection, refraction through prisms, and optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes. Wave optics introduces interference, diffraction, and polarization, emphasizing the wave nature of light. NCERT Solutions provide step-by-step derivations of lens/mirror formulas, magnification, and conditions for constructive and destructive interference. Students also practice numerical problems on focal length, image formation, fringe width, and diffraction minima. Conceptual questions involve explaining optical phenomena, the behavior of light in different media, and the resolving power of optical instruments. Application-based questions link optics to lasers, fiber optics, and modern communication devices. Diagrams are an essential part of this chapter, and the NCERT Solutions guide students in accurate diagrammatic representation for better understanding. Practicing these solutions helps in mastering derivations, solving numerical problems quickly, and answering conceptual questions confidently, which are heavily tested in board exams and competitive exams.

Chapter 7: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

This chapter explores the particle-like and wave-like behavior of light and matter. Subtopics include the photoelectric effect, Einstein’s photoelectric equation, matter waves, and the de Broglie hypothesis. NCERT Solutions explain derivations for the photoelectric equation, calculation of stopping potential, and de Broglie wavelength. Questions include numerical problems on the kinetic energy of photoelectrons, threshold frequency, and wavelength of particles. Conceptual questions test understanding of wave-particle duality and experimental evidence. Application-based problems link these concepts to electron microscopes and modern quantum devices. This chapter is crucial for students preparing for higher studies in physics, engineering, and technology, as it forms the foundation of quantum mechanics.

Chapter 8: Atoms

The Atoms chapter introduces atomic models and structure. Key topics include Rutherford’s nuclear model, Bohr’s theory of the hydrogen atom, energy levels, spectral series, and line spectra. NCERT Solutions provide derivations for energy levels, orbital radius, and frequencies of spectral lines. Questions range from numerical problems on energy transitions, wavelength calculations, and radius of orbits to conceptual questions on atomic structure and spectral lines. Students also solve application-based problems on identifying spectral series and emission spectra. Understanding this chapter is essential for modern physics topics like nuclear energy and quantum mechanics.

Chapter 9: Nuclei

This chapter deals with nuclear structure and radioactivity. Subtopics include properties of nuclei, nuclear forces, radioactivity, decay laws, half-life, binding energy, and nuclear reactions (fission and fusion). NCERT Solutions cover derivations for decay constant, half-life, and energy released in nuclear reactions. Numerical problems involve calculating the remaining quantity of a radioactive substance, the energy released, and the binding energy per nucleon. Conceptual questions test understanding of the stability of nuclei, nuclear forces, and applications of nuclear energy. This chapter is important for both board exams and entrance exams, especially when solving radioactive decay and nuclear reaction numericals.

Chapter 10: Semiconductor Electronics

Semiconductor Electronics introduces semiconductors and their applications in modern electronics. Subtopics include intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, p-n junction diode, Zener diode, transistor (CE, CB), logic gates, and digital electronics. NCERT Solutions explain circuit diagrams, diode and transistor characteristics, and truth tables for logic gates. Questions include deriving input-output relationships, solving circuit problems, and application-based scenarios like rectifiers and amplifiers. Conceptual questions test the working principles of devices and their applications in communication and electronics. This chapter connects theoretical concepts with practical electronic devices, making it highly relevant for both exams and real-world understanding of electronics.

Perfect! Here’s the final set of Class 12 Physics chapters (11 to 14) explained in ~300 words each, covering subtopics, derivations, and types of questions:

Chapter 11: Three-Dimensional Geometry

(Note: In Physics, this chapter is part of Maths, so for Physics, we continue with the remaining units.)

Since Class 12 Physics has 14 chapters, the remaining ones are: Electromagnetic Waves (already covered), Optics (covered), Dual Nature of Matter (covered), Atoms (covered), Nuclei (covered), Semiconductor Electronics (covered).

Chapter 12: Communication Systems

Communication Systems introduces students to how information is transmitted over distances using electrical and electromagnetic methods. Subtopics include basic elements of communication (transmitter, channel, receiver), bandwidth, modulation (AM, FM), and the propagation of electromagnetic waves. Students also study noise, signal-to-noise ratio, and the principles of optical fiber and satellite communication. NCERT Solutions explain diagrams of communication systems, derivations for modulation and bandwidth requirements, and numerical problems related to wave frequencies. Conceptual questions often include explaining the working of AM/FM transmitters, the advantages of different modulation techniques, and the effects of noise. Application-based problems link theory to real-life communication technologies like mobile phones, radio, television, and internet communication. Practicing these solutions helps students understand modern communication devices and signal transmission, which are important in board exams and for foundational knowledge in electronics and telecommunications.

Conclusion and Summary of NCERT Physics Solutions

The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics cover all chapters in a comprehensive and step-by-step manner, blending conceptual understanding, derivations, numerical problems, and application-based questions. Starting with Electrostatics and Current Electricity, students learn the fundamentals of electric and magnetic phenomena, progressing to Electromagnetic Induction, Alternating Currents, and Electromagnetic Waves. The second half focuses on Modern Physics, including Optics, Dual Nature of Matter, Atomic Structure, Nuclei, and Semiconductor Electronics, and finally Communication Systems, connecting theory to real-world applications. Each solution provides diagrams, derivations, formulas, and explanations, ensuring students can solve problems accurately and confidently. Regular practice strengthens conceptual clarity, logical reasoning, and numerical proficiency, making these solutions indispensable for board exams and competitive exams. Mastery of these chapters prepares students not only for exams but also for higher studies in engineering, technology, electronics, and applied sciences.

Why Use NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics?

Accurate step-by-step solutions for all NCERT textbook questions
Easy-to-understand explanations for theoretical and numerical problems
Helps in CBSE Board Exams, JEE & NEET preparation
Free PDF downloads available for offline study

Download NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter-wise & Ace Your Exams! 

Importance and Benefits of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics

Class 12 NCERT Solutions for Physics are a boon for board students and those looking forward to making a career in this field. The answers prove helpful when students are revising the entire course. If you have any doubts, check these answers to complement your study. In addition, alternative ways to solve questions are also provided so that you can choose the easy way out. Class 12 Physics NCERT solutions are a self-study supplement for aspiring candidates.

CBSE Class 12 Physics Academic Resources