The ISC (Indian School Certificate) Class 12 History syllabus covers a range of historical periods and themes, focusing on significant events, movements, and personalities that have shaped history. Here’s a detailed overview:
ISC Class 12 History Syllabus
**1. Modern World History (20th Century)
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World War I (1914-1918)
- Causes: Political, economic, and social factors.
- Major events: Key battles, treaties, and the impact on various countries.
- Consequences: Political changes, economic repercussions, and social impact.
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The Russian Revolution (1917)
- Causes: Socio-economic and political factors leading to the revolution.
- Major events: The February and October revolutions, the rise of Bolsheviks.
- Outcomes: Establishment of the Soviet Union, changes in society and governance.
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The Rise of Dictatorships (1920s-1930s)
- Fascism in Italy: Rise of Mussolini, policies, and impact.
- Nazism in Germany: Rise of Hitler, the Nazi regime, and policies.
- Militarism in Japan: Expansionist policies and the impact on Asia.
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World War II (1939-1945)
- Causes: Expansionist policies, political alliances, and global tensions.
- Major events: Key battles, the Holocaust, and major conferences.
- Consequences: Redrawing of national boundaries, establishment of the United Nations, and the Cold War.
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The Cold War Era (1945-1991)
- Origins and Development: Ideological differences, key events (e.g., Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis).
- Major Treaties and Agreements: Nuclear arms control, détente, and the end of the Cold War.
- Impact: Global political, social, and economic effects.
**2. Indian History (19th and 20th Centuries)
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British Expansion and Impact on Indian Society (1757-1857)
- Expansion of British Power: Key events leading to the consolidation of British rule in India.
- Economic Policies: Impact on agriculture, industry, and trade.
- Social Changes: Education, social reforms, and changes in social structure.
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The Indian Freedom Struggle (1857-1947)
- First War of Independence (1857): Causes, major events, and consequences.
- Reform Movements: Role of leaders like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Vivekananda, and their contributions.
- Nationalist Movements: Formation of the Indian National Congress, major leaders (e.g., Gandhi, Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose), and significant movements (e.g., Non-Cooperation Movement, Quit India Movement).
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Post-Independence India (1947-1964)
- Integration of States: Integration of princely states, challenges, and solutions.
- Constitutional Developments: Formation and adoption of the Indian Constitution.
- Major Policies and Reforms: Economic policies, foreign relations, and social reforms.
**3. Contemporary World Issues
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Globalization and Its Impact
- Economic: Trade, finance, and economic integration.
- Cultural: Exchange of ideas, cultural impact, and challenges.
- Political: International organizations, global governance, and conflicts.
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Regional Conflicts and Cooperation
- Middle East: Major conflicts and peace processes.
- South Asia: Regional cooperation, conflicts, and treaties.
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Environmental Issues
- Global Challenges: Climate change, resource depletion, and environmental policies.
- International Agreements: Key treaties and global initiatives for environmental protection.
Assessment:
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Written Examination:
- Essay-type questions on historical events, movements, and their impact.
- Source-based questions, including analysis of historical documents and interpretations.
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Internal Assessment:
- Projects, assignments, and presentations on various historical themes and topics.
- Participation in discussions and analysis of historical sources.
The ISC Class 12 History syllabus is designed to provide students with a thorough understanding of significant historical events, movements, and developments. It aims to develop critical thinking and analytical skills through the study of historical sources, narratives, and interpretations.