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Full form of CFT

Full form of CFT

The full form of CFT is "Complement Fixation Test." It is one of the key traditional tests, a diagnostic blood serum analysis used to identify an antibody in a person's serum samples depending on whether or not fixation is present. CFT is primarily used to diagnose the disease. Wasserman developed it in 1909. Initially, it was commonly used in syphilis serology.

  • A protein known as globulin, found in normal blood serum, is the complement.
  • It binds to the antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) immune complex produced during the antigen-antibody reaction.
  • Fixation of complement to the complex leads to lysis of the cell on which the Ag-AB complex develops.
  • So when a complement participates in antigen-antibody complexes, it is fixed or attached to the antigen-antibody complex.
  • Complement induces lysis of the appropriate cells while the complex is on bacteria, red blood cells, or other cells.
  • In the presence of a specific antibody that fixes complement to the cell surface, complement terminal elements damage cell membranes.
  • Because target cell erythrocytes are used in CFT, complement-induced cell membrane damage can be assessed as an increase in free hemoglobin.
  • When specific antibodies are found in the blood serum in response to an infectious agent, the complement in the process is attached to the Ag-Ab group, which does not allow any residual complement to react with antibodies belonging to the erythrocytes so that hemolysis does not occur.
  • Thus, the absence of hemolysis indicated the existence of specific antibodies in the blood serum.
  • If hemolysis occurs, the specific antibody is not found in the blood serum.

Basic Requirements to Perform the CFT

This test is divided into various categories, and there are requirements for each of these. Let's discuss a few-

Requirements of CFT full form in English with Environment

  • An essential complement like a Guinea pig serum
  • Antigens in the form of washed sheep red blood cell/cardiolipin/Viral AG
  • Patient serum Hemolysin has been inactivated

Requirements for Indicator System

  • Microtiter plates
  • Centrifuge adaptors for the plates
  • Saline mixed with calcium and magnesium
  • Normal color standards
  • Water bath for incubation

cft full form

Advantages of CFT

  • It can detect a huge proportion of viral and bacterial infections.
  • It is a cost-effective analysis.